Descendants of HENRY III PLANTAGENET King of England
 Third Generation 
8. Edward II PLANTAGENET King of England (Edward I "Longshanks" King of England2, Henry III King of England1) was born on April 25, 1284 in Carnarvon Castle, , Caernarvon, Wales4 and died on September 21, 1327 in Berkeley Castle, , Gloucestershire, England aged 43.
Edward II lacked the royal dignity of his father and failed miserably as king. He inherited his father's war with Scotland and displayed his ineptitude as a soldier. Disgruntled barons, already wary of Edward as Prince of Wales, sought to check his power from the beginning of his reign. He raised the ire of the nobility by lavishing money and other rewards upon his male favorites. Such extreme unpopularity would eventually cost Edward his life.
Edward I's dream of a unified British nation quickly disintegrated under his weak son. Baronial rebellion opened the way for Robert Bruce to reconquer much of Scotland. In 1314, Bruce defeated English forces at the battle of Bannockburn and ensured Scottish independence until the union of England and Scotland in 1707. Bruce also incited rebellion in Ireland and reduced English influence to the confines of the Pale.
Edward's preference for surrounding himself with outsiders harkened back to the troubled reign of Henry III. The most notable was Piers Gaveston, a young Gascon exiled by Edward I for his undue influence on the Prince of Wales and, most likely, the king's homosexual lover. The arrogant and licentious Gaveston wielded considerable power after being recalled by Edward. The magnates, alienated by the relationship, rallied in opposition behind the king's cousin, Thomas, Earl of Lancaster; the Parliaments of 1310 and 1311 imposed restrictions on Edward's power and exiled Gaveston. The barons revolted in 1312 and Gaveston was murdered - full rebellion was avoided only by Edward's acceptance of further restrictions. Although Lancaster shared the responsibilities of governing with Edward, the king came under the influence of yet another despicable favorite, Hugh Dispenser. In 1322, Edward showed a rare display of resolve and gathered an army to meet Lancaster at the Battle of Boroughbridge in Yorkshire. Edward prevailed and executed Lancaster. He and Dispenser ruled the government but again acquired many enemies - 28 knights and barons were executed for rebelling and many exiled.
Edward sent his queen, Isabella, to negotiate with her brother, French king Charles IV, regarding affairs in Gascony. She fell into an open romance with Roger Mortimer, one of Edward's disaffected barons, and persuaded Edward to send their young son to France. The rebellious couple invaded England in 1326 and imprisoned Edward. The king was deposed in 1327, replaced by his son, Edward III, and murdered in September at Berkeley castle.
Edward married Isabella of FRANCE, daughter of Phillipe IV King of France and Jeanne de Navarre DE CHAMPAGNE Queen of Navarre, on January 25, 1307 in Boulogne, , Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France.4 Isabella was born in 1292 in Paris, , , France4 and died on August 22, 1358 in Rising Castle, , Norfolk, England aged 66.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 12 M i. Edward III PLANTAGENET King of England was born on November 13, 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England4 and died on June 21, 1377 in Shere, , Surrey, England4 aged 64.
9. Thomas De BROTHERTON PLANTAGENET 1st Earl of Norfolk (Edward I "Longshanks" King of England2, Henry III King of England1) was born on June 1, 1300 in Brotherton, , Yorkshire, England, died on August 4, 13382 aged 38, and was buried in Bury Saint Edmunds, , Suffolk, England.
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (June 1, 1300 – August 4, 1338 was the son of Edward I of England and Marguerite of France. He was named in honor of St. Thomas.
His father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas' half-brother, Edward, now became king of England. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but Edward instead bestowed it upon his favorite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When he was 10 years old, his brother Edward II of England assigned him and another brother, Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk who had died without heir in 1306.
In 1312 he was titled, "Earl of Norfolk" and on February 10, 1316 he was created Marshal of England. When his brother went to Scotland in the war, he was left Keeper of England. Thomas was known for having a hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of Hugh the younger Despenser, who stole some of the young earl's lands. He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers.
He married first, probably in 1319, to Alice Hayles, daughter of Sir Roger Hayles and Alice Skogan. She was supposed to have been a great beauty. Her father was the coroner of Norfolk, a title that held a different meaning in the 14th century than it does today; his post demanded that he collect and protect revenues for the king. Thomas and Alice had three children, Edward of Norfolk (c. 1320 - 1334), Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk (c. 1320 - 1399), Alice of (1324 - 1352 )
Alice Hayles died in 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex. Thomas was married before March 28 1335 to Mary Brewes, widow of Ralph de Cobham, Lord Cobham. He died in September 1338, and was buried in the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds. Thomas was also an ancestor of two of the wives of Henry VIII of England, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard.
Thomas married Countess Alice HAYLES, daughter of Sir Roger HAYLES and Alice SKOGAN. Alice was born in 1302 in Harwich, , Essex, England2 and died in 13272 aged 25.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 13 F i. Margaret De BROTHERTON PLANTAGENET was born about 1320 in , , Norfolk, England5 and died on March 24, 1398 in , , , England5 aged about 78.
11. * Henry PLANTAGENET Earl of Lancaster (Edmund Crouchback (*)2, Henry III King of England1) was born in 1281 in Grosmont, , Monmouth, Wales,4 died on September 22, 1345 in , , Lancashire, England4 aged 64, and was buried in Newark Abbey, , Leicestershire, England.
Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster was an English nobleman, one of the principals behind the deposition of Edward II. He was the younger son of Blanche of Artois and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster , Earl of Leicester, who was a son of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence.
Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster succeeded their father in 1296, but Henry was summoned to Parliament on February 6, 1298 by writ directed Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis, by which he is held to have become Lord Lancaster. He took part in the siege of Carlaverock in July 1300.
Thomas was convicted of treason, executed and his lands and titles forfeited in 1322. But Henry, who had not participated in his brother's rebellion, petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on March 29, 1324 he was invested as Earl of Leicester, and a few years later the earldom of Lancaster was also restored to him.
On the Queen’s return to England with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March in September 1326, Henry joined her party against Edward II, which led to a general desertion of the king’s cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester and his namesake son Hugh the younger Despenser. He was sent in pursuit and captured the king at Neath. He was appointed to take charge of the King, and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle.
After Edward II's death Henry was appointed guardian of the new king Edward III of England, and was also appointed captain-general of all the King's forces in the Scottish marches.
In about 1300, he became blind.
He was succeeded as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester by his eldest son, Henry of Grosmont, who subsequently became Duke of Lancaster.
Henry married Maude Mathilda Mary DE CHAWORTH, daughter of Sir Patrick DE CHAWORTH and Isabel DE BEAUCHAMP, in 1339. Maude was born in 1282 in Kidwelly, , Carmarthen, Wales,2,5 died on February 19, 13172 aged 35, and was buried in Mottisfont, , Hampshire, England.2
Children from this marriage were:
+ 14 F i. * Baroness Joan PLANTAGENET was born in 1310 in , , Lancashire, England5 and died on July 7, 1349 in Abbey, , Yorkshire, England5 aged 39.
+ 15 F ii. Eleanore PLANTAGENET was born about 1318 in Grosmont, , Monmouth, Wales4 and died on January 11, 1371 in Arundel, , Sussex, England4 aged about 53.
|
